D. Bahia, L. Avelar, R. A. Mortara, N. Khayath, Y. Yan et al., SmPKC1, a new protein kinase C identified in the platyhelminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.345, issue.3, pp.1138-1148, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.025

C. J. Bayne, Successful parasitism of vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata by the human blood fluke (trematode) Schistosoma mansoni: A 2009 assessment, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.165, issue.1, pp.8-18, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.01.005

C. J. Bayne, U. K. Hahn, and R. C. Bender, Mechanisms of molluscan host resistance and of parasite strategies for survival, Parasitology, vol.123, issue.07, pp.159-167, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182001008137

N. Bech, S. Beltran, J. Portela, A. Rognon, J. F. Allienne et al., Follow-up of the genetic diversity and snail infectivity of a Schistosoma mansoni strain from field to laboratory, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1039-1045, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.06.012
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00514796

S. Beltran and J. Boissier, Schistosome monogamy: who, how, and why? Trends Parasitol, pp.386-391, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pt.2008.05.009

S. Beltran, F. Cezilly, and J. Boissier, Genetic Dissimilarity between Mates, but Not Male Heterozygosity, Influences Divorce in Schistosomes, PLoS ONE, vol.16, issue.10, p.3328, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0003328.t001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00344398

R. C. Bender, E. J. Broderick, C. P. Goodall, and C. J. Bayne, THAN SUSCEPTIBLE SNAILS, Journal of Parasitology, vol.91, issue.2, pp.275-279, 2005.
DOI : 10.1645/GE-415R

R. C. Bender, C. P. Goodall, M. S. Blouin, and C. J. Bayne, Variation in expression of Biomphalaria glabrata SOD1: A potential controlling factor in susceptibility/resistance to Schistosoma mansoni, Developmental & Comparative Immunology, vol.31, issue.9, pp.874-878, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dci.2006.12.005

D. Bernal, I. Carpena, A. M. Espert, J. E. De-la-rubia, J. G. Esteban et al., Identification of proteins in excretory/secretory extracts ofEchinostoma friedi (Trematoda) from chronic and acute infections, PROTEOMICS, vol.52, issue.9, pp.2835-2843, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/pmic.200500571

A. Bouchut, E. Roger, B. Gourbal, C. Grunau, C. Coustau et al., The compatibility polymorphism in invertebrate host/trematodes interactions: research of molecular determinants, Parasite, vol.15, issue.3, pp.304-309, 2008.
DOI : 10.1051/parasite/2008153304
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00344425

A. Bouchut, P. E. Sautiere, C. Coustau, and G. Mitta, Compatibility in the Biomphalaria glabrata/Echinostoma caproni model: Potential involvement of proteins from hemocytes revealed by a proteomic approach, Acta Tropica, vol.98, issue.3, pp.234-246, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.05.007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00105035

C. L. Cass, J. R. Johnson, L. L. Califf, T. Xu, H. J. Hernandez et al., Proteomic analysis of Schistosoma mansoni egg secretions, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.155, issue.2, pp.84-93, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.06.002

E. Chernin, Observations on Hearts Explanted In vitro from the Snail Australorbis glabratus, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.49, issue.3, pp.353-364, 1963.
DOI : 10.2307/3275797

C. Combes, Pressions s??lectives dans les syst??mes parasites-h??tes, Journal de la Soci??t?? de Biologie, vol.194, issue.1, pp.19-23, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/jbio/2000194010019

R. S. Curwen, P. D. Ashton, D. A. Johnston, and R. A. Wilson, The Schistosoma mansoni soluble proteome: a comparison across four life-cycle stages, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.138, issue.1, pp.57-66, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.06.016

R. T. Damian, Parasite immune evasion and exploitation: reflections and projections, Parasitology, vol.115, issue.7, pp.169-175, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182097002357

M. De-jong-brink, M. Bergamin-sassen, and M. Solis-soto, Multiple strategies of schistosomes to meet their requirements in the intermediate snail host, Parasitology, vol.123, issue.07, pp.129-141, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182001008149

M. F. Dybdahl and A. Storfer, Parasite local adaptation: Red Queen versus Suicide King. Trends in ecology & evolution 18, pp.523-530, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00223-4

J. M. Dzik, Molecules released by helminth parasites involved in host colonization, Acta Biochim. Pol, vol.53, pp.33-64, 2006.

S. E. Forde, J. N. Thompson, and B. J. Bohannan, Adaptation varies through space and time in a coevolving host???parasitoid interaction, Nature, vol.43, issue.7010, pp.841-844, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/303151

S. E. Forde, J. N. Thompson, R. D. Holt, and B. J. Bohannan, Coevolution drives temporal changes in fitness and diversity across environments in a bacteria-bacteriophage interaction, Evolution, vol.62, pp.1830-1839, 2008.

S. Gagneux, K. Deriemer, T. Van, M. Kato-maeda, B. C. De-jong et al., Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, pp.2869-2873, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0511240103

N. Gasnier, D. Rondelaud, M. Abrous, F. Carreras, C. Boulard et al., Allopatric combination of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea truncatula is more efficient than sympatric ones, International Journal for Parasitology, vol.30, issue.5, pp.573-578, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00038-2

C. Gerard, C. Balzan, and A. Theron, Spatial Distribution Patterns of the Sporocyst Infrapopulation of Schistosoma mansoni within Its Mollusc Host (Biomphalaria glabrata): An Unusual Phenotype of Aggregation, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.81, issue.2, pp.310-312, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/3283942

C. P. Goodall, R. C. Bender, E. J. Broderick, and C. J. Bayne, Constitutive differences in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mRNA levels and activity in hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca) that are either susceptible or resistant to Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda), Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.137, issue.2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.06.011

D. M. Green, A. R. Kraaijeveld, and H. C. Godfray, Evolutionary interactions between Drosophila melanogaster and its parasitoid Asobara tabida, Heredity, vol.13, issue.5, pp.450-458, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ento.40.1.31

F. Guillou, G. Mitta, C. Dissous, R. Pierce, and C. Coustau, Use of individual polymorphism to validate potential functional markers: case of a candidate lectin (BgSel) differentially expressed in susceptible and resistant strains of Biomphalaria glabrata, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.138, issue.2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.010

F. Guillou, E. Roger, Y. Moné, A. Rognon, C. Grunau et al., Excretory???secretory proteome of larval Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni, two parasites of Biomphalaria glabrata, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.155, issue.1, pp.45-56, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.05.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00170690

U. K. Hahn, R. C. Bender, and C. J. Bayne, Production of reactive oxygen species by hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata: carbohydrate-specific stimulation, Developmental & Comparative Immunology, vol.24, issue.6-7, pp.531-541, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00017-3

U. K. Hahn, R. C. Bender, and C. J. Bayne, Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Killing of Schistosoma mansoni Sporocysts by Hemocytes from Resistant Biomphalaria glabrata, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.87, issue.4, pp.778-785, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/3285134

U. K. Hahn, R. C. Bender, and C. J. Bayne, Killing of Schistosoma mansoni Sporocysts by Hemocytes from Resistant Biomphalaria glabrata: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.87, issue.2, pp.292-299, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/3285043

J. C. Howard, Disease and evolution, Nature, vol.352, issue.6336, pp.565-567, 1991.
DOI : 10.1038/352565a0

J. C. Howard and R. S. Jack, Evolution of immunity and pathogens, European Journal of Immunology, vol.6, issue.7, pp.1721-1723, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.200790026

D. H. Janzen, When is it Coevolution?, Evolution, vol.34, issue.3, pp.611-612, 1980.
DOI : 10.2307/2408229

S. M. Kim and J. H. Kang, Peroxidative activity of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mol. Cells, vol.7, pp.120-124, 1997.

G. M. Knudsen, K. F. Medzihradszky, K. C. Lim, E. Hansell, and J. H. Mckerrow, Proteomic Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni Cercarial Secretions, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, vol.4, issue.12, pp.1862-1875, 2005.
DOI : 10.1074/mcp.M500097-MCP200

B. Koskella and C. M. Lively, ADVICE OF THE ROSE: EXPERIMENTAL COEVOLUTION OF A TREMATODE PARASITE AND ITS SNAIL HOST, Evolution, vol.10, issue.1, pp.152-159, 2007.
DOI : 0076-2997(1970)010[0283:TNZSOP]2.0.CO;2

T. J. Little, K. Watt, and D. Ebert, PARASITE-HOST SPECIFICITY: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE BASIS OF PARASITE ADAPTATION, Evolution, vol.2, issue.1, pp.31-38, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1202-569

K. Lohse, A. Gutierrez, and O. Kaltz, EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE IN PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM AGAINST THE BACTERIAL PARASITE HOLOSPORA UNDULATA, Evolution, vol.164, issue.6, pp.1177-1186, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1202-569

E. S. Loker and C. M. Adema, Schistosomes, Echinostomes and Snails: Comparative Immunobiology, Echinostomes and Snails: Comparative Immunobiology, pp.120-124, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80174-X

H. Mei and P. T. Loverde, Schistosoma mansoni:The Developmental Regulation and Immunolocalization of Antioxidant Enzymes, Experimental Parasitology, vol.86, issue.1, pp.69-78, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/expr.1997.4150

Y. Moné, B. Gourbal, D. Duval, L. Du-pasquier, S. Kieffer-jaquinod et al., A Large Repertoire of Parasite Epitopes Matched by a Large Repertoire of Host Immune Receptors in an Invertebrate Host/Parasite Model, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.462, issue.Pt 3, p.813, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000813.t004

Y. Moné, G. Mitta, D. Duval, and B. E. Gourbal, Effect of amphotericin B on the infection success of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata, Experimental Parasitology, vol.125, issue.2, pp.70-75, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.12.024

A. D. Morgan, S. Gandon, and A. Buckling, The effect of migration on local adaptation in a coevolving host???parasite system, Nature, vol.80, issue.7056, pp.253-256, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.391926.x

M. D. Mourao, N. Dinguirard, G. R. Franco, and T. P. Yoshino, Role of the Endogenous Antioxidant System in the Protection of Schistosoma mansoni Primary Sporocysts against Exogenous Oxidative Stress, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.103, issue.8, p.550, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000550.g005

M. M. Mourao, N. Dinguirard, G. R. Franco, and T. P. Yoshino, Phenotypic screen of earlydeveloping larvae of the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, using RNA interference, 2009.

C. Munoz-antoli, A. Marin, M. Trelis, R. Toledo, and J. G. Esteban, Sympatric and allopatric experimental infections of the planorbid snail Gyraulus chinensis with miracidia of Euparyphium albuferensis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae), Journal of Helminthology, vol.75, issue.04, pp.1-5, 2010.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182099006708

J. A. Nelder and R. Mead, A Simplex Method for Function Minimization, The Computer Journal, vol.7, issue.4, pp.308-313, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308

S. L. Nuismer, R. Gomulkiewicz, and B. J. Ridenhour, When is correlation coevolution? Am, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/651591

S. L. Nuismer, B. J. Ridenhour, and B. P. Oswald, ANTAGONISTIC COEVOLUTION MEDIATED BY PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS, Evolution, vol.42, issue.8, pp.1823-1834, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00158.x

O. Oter and A. C. Ribou, Quenching of Long Lifetime Emitting Fluorophores with Paramagnetic Molecules, Journal of Fluorescence, vol.42, issue.2, pp.389-397, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10895-008-0425-z
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01326234

R. Perez-sanchez, A. Ramajo-hernandez, V. Ramajo-martin, and A. Oleaga, Proteomic analysis of the tegument and excretory-secretory products of adult Schistosoma bovis worms, PROTEOMICS, vol.302, issue.S1, pp.226-236, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/pmic.200500420

T. Rharass, J. Vigo, J. M. Salmon, and A. C. Ribou, Variation of 1-pyrenebutyric acid fluorescence lifetime in single living cells treated with molecules increasing or decreasing reactive oxygen species levels, Analytical Biochemistry, vol.357, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ab.2006.07.009

A. C. Ribou, J. Vigo, E. Kohen, and J. M. Salmon, Microfluorometric study of oxygen dependence of (1???-pyrene butyl)-2-rhodamine ester probe in mitochondria of living cells, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol.70, issue.2, pp.107-115, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1011-1344(03)00072-1

A. C. Ribou, J. Vigo, and J. M. Salmon, Lifetime of Fluorescent Pyrene Butyric Acid Probe in Single Living Cells for Measurement of Oxygen Fluctuation??, Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol.4, issue.2, pp.274-280, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00083.x

E. Roger, B. Gourbal, C. Grunau, R. J. Pierce, R. Galinier et al., Expression analysis of highly polymorphic mucin proteins (Sm PoMuc) from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.157, issue.2, pp.217-227, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00286479

E. Roger, C. Grunau, R. J. Pierce, H. Hirai, B. Gourbal et al., Controlled Chaos of Polymorphic Mucins in a Metazoan Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni) Interacting with Its Invertebrate Host (Biomphalaria glabrata), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.20, issue.23, p.330, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000330.s002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00344615

E. Roger, G. Mitta, Y. Mone, A. Bouchut, A. Rognon et al., Molecular determinants of compatibility polymorphism in the Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni model: New candidates identified by a global comparative proteomics approach, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.157, issue.2, pp.205-216, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00286494

R. D. Schulte, C. Makus, B. Hasert, N. K. Michiels, and H. Schulenburg, Multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp.7359-7364, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1003113107

M. E. Selkirk, V. P. Smith, G. R. Thomas, and K. Gounaris, Resistance of filarial nematode parasites to oxidative stress, International Journal for Parasitology, vol.28, issue.9, pp.1315-1332, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00107-6

S. S. Shapiro and M. B. Wilk, An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples), 1965.

M. L. Steinauer, The sex lives of parasites: Investigating the mating system and mechanisms of sexual selection of the human pathogen Schistosoma mansoni, International Journal for Parasitology, vol.39, issue.10, pp.1157-1163, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.019

O. Stern and M. Volmer, The extinction period of fluorescence, Physikalische Zeitschrift, vol.20, pp.183-188, 1919.

A. Théron and C. Coustau, Are <I>Biomphalaria</I> snails resistant to <I>Schistosoma mansoni</I>?, Journal of Helminthology, vol.79, issue.3, pp.187-191, 2005.
DOI : 10.1079/JOH2005299

A. Théron, C. Coustau, A. Rognon, S. Gourbiere, and M. S. Blouin, Effects of laboratory culture on compatibility between snails and schistosomes, Parasitology, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1179-1188, 2008.
DOI : 10.2307/3285775

A. Théron, J. R. Pages, and A. Rognon, Schistosoma mansoni:Distribution Patterns of Miracidia amongBiomphalaria glabrataSnail as Related to Host Susceptibility and Sporocyst Regulatory Processes, Experimental Parasitology, vol.85, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/expr.1996.4106

B. W. Van-balkom, R. A. Van-gestel, J. F. Brouwers, J. Krijgsveld, A. G. Tielens et al., Tegumental Sub-proteome, Journal of Proteome Research, vol.4, issue.3, pp.958-966, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/pr050036w

L. Van-valen, Molecular evolution as predicted by natural selection, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.28, issue.2, pp.89-101, 1974.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01796554

J. J. Vermeire, A. S. Taft, K. F. Hoffmann, J. M. Fitzpatrick, and T. P. Yoshino, Schistosoma mansoni: DNA microarray gene expression profiling during the miracidium-to-mother sporocyst transformation, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.147, issue.1, pp.39-47, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.01.006

J. J. Vermeire and T. P. Yoshino, Antioxidant gene expression and function in in vitro-developing Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts: possible role in self-protection, Parasitology, vol.19, issue.10, pp.1369-1378, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/3275797

J. P. Webster and C. M. Davies, Coevolution and compatibility in the snail???schistosome system, Parasitology, vol.123, issue.07, pp.41-56, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182001008071

J. P. Webster, C. M. Gower, and L. Blair, System, The American Naturalist, vol.164, issue.S5, pp.33-51, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/424607

X. J. Wu, G. Sabat, J. F. Brown, M. Zhang, A. Taft et al., Proteomic analysis of Schistosoma mansoni proteins released during in vitro miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol.164, issue.1, pp.32-44, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.11.005

M. B. Yim, P. B. Chock, and E. R. Stadtman, Enzyme function of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase as a free radical generator, J. Biol. Chem, vol.268, pp.4099-4105, 1993.

M. B. Yim, J. H. Kang, H. S. Yim, H. S. Kwak, P. B. Chock et al., A gain-offunction of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase mutant: An enhancement of free radical formation due to a decrease in Km for hydrogen peroxide, Proc. Natl, 1996.

J. B. Yoder and S. L. Nuismer, When Does Coevolution Promote Diversification?, The American Naturalist, vol.176, issue.6, pp.802-817, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/657048

U. E. Zelck, V. Janowsky, and B. , Antioxidant enzymes in intramolluscan Schistosoma mansoni and ROS-induced changes in expression, Parasitology, vol.128, issue.5, pp.493-501, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182004004895