Stability Monitoring of High Alpine Infrastructure by Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Abstract
Rock mass movements are dominant in the morphodynamics of high Alpine rock slopes and are at the origin of significant risks for people who attend these areas and for infrastructures that are built on (e.g. huts, cable cars). These risks are increasing because of permafrost degradation and glacier retreat as consequences of the global warming. These two factors may affect slope stability by changing mechanical properties of the interstitial ice and modifying the mechanical constraints in these rock slopes. The monitoring of rock slopes is thus an essential element for risk management. Our study focuses on two particularly active areas of the Western Alps: the lower Arête des Cosmiques (3613 m a.s.l., Mont Blanc massif, France) on which is located the very popular Refuge des Cosmiques, and the Col des Gentianes (2894 m a.s.l., Valais, Switzerland) where is located a cable car station. Discussed on the basis of geophysical and glaciological data, the evolutions monitored by terrestrial laser scanning probably result from the combination between permafrost activity/degradation and glacier shrinkage.