Lipid-induced thermogenesis is up-regulated by the first cold-water immersions in juvenile penguins

Loïc Teulier 1 Benjamin Rey 2 Jérémy Tornos 1 Marion Le Coadic 1 Pierre-Axel Monternier 1 Aurore Bourguigon 1 Virginie Dolmazon 1 Caroline Romestaing 1 Jean Louis Rouanet 1 Claude Duchamp 1 Damien Roussel 1
1 LEHNA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés
2 LBBE - Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558
Abstract : The passage from shore to marine life is a critical step in the development of juvenile penguins and is characterized by a fuel selection towards lipid oxida- tion concomitant to an enhancement of lipid-induced ther- mogenesis. However, mechanisms of such thermogenic improvement at fledging remain undefined. We used two different groups of pre-fledging king penguins (Apteno- dytes patagonicus) to investigate the specific contribution of cold exposure during water immersion to lipid metabo- lism. Terrestrial penguins that had never been immersed in cold water were compared with experimentally cold-water immersed juveniles. Experimentally immersed penguins underwent ten successive immersions at approximately 9–10 °C for 5 h over 3 weeks. We evaluated adaptive ther- mogenesis by measuring body temperature, metabolic rate and shivering activity in fully immersed penguins exposed to water temperatures ranging from 12 to 29 °C. Both never-immersed and experimentally immersed penguins were able to maintain their homeothermy in cold water, exhibiting similar thermogenic activity. In vivo, perfusion of lipid emulsion at thermoneutrality induced a twofold larger calorigenic response in experimentally immersed than in never-immersed birds. In vitro, the respiratory rates and the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency of isolated muscle mitochondria were not improved with cold-water immersions. The present study shows that acclimation to cold water only partially reproduced the fuel selection towards lipid oxidation that characterizes penguin acclima- tization to marine life.
Keywords : Metabolism · Mitochondria · Skeletal muscle · Energy substrates · Oxidative phosphorylation efficiency
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Journal articles
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Submitted on : Thursday, June 16, 2016 - 3:15:45 PM
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Loïc Teulier, Benjamin Rey, Jérémy Tornos, Marion Le Coadic, Pierre-Axel Monternier, et al.. Lipid-induced thermogenesis is up-regulated by the first cold-water immersions in juvenile penguins. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Springer Verlag, 2016, 186, pp.639-650. ⟨10.1007/s00360-016-0975-3⟩. ⟨hal-01332835⟩

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