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DOI : 10.1038/nature06556

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Nature 452 (2008) 88-93

The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis

F. Martin 1, A. Aerts 2, D. Ahrén 3, A. Brun 1, E. G. J. Danchin 4, F. Duchaussoy 1, J. Gibon 1, A. Kohler 1, E. Lindquist 2, V. Pereda 1, A. Salamov 2, H. J. Shapiro 2, J. Wuyts 1, 5, D. Blaudez 1, M. Buée 1, P. Brokstein 2, B. Canbäck 3, D. Cohen 1, P. E. Courty 1, P. M. Coutinho 4, C. Delaruelle 1, J. C. Detter 2, A. Deveau 1, S. Difazio 6, S. Duplessis 1, L. Fraissinet-Tachet 7, E. Lucic 1, P. Frey-Klett 1, C. Fourrey 1, I. Feussner 8, G. Gay 7, J. Grimwood 9, P. J. Hoegger10 10, P. Jain 11, S. Kilaru 10, J. Labbé 1, Y. C. Lin 5, V. Legué 1, F. Le Tacon 1, R. Marmeisse 7, D. Melayah 7, B. Montanini 1, M. Muratet 11, U. Nehls 12, H. Niculita-Hirzel 13, M. P. Oudot-Le Secq 1, M. Peter 1, 14, H. Quesneville 15, B. Rajashekar 3, M. Reich 10, N. Rouhier 1, J. Schmutz 9, T. Yin 16, M. Chalot 1, B. Henrissat 1, U. Kües 10, S. Lucas 2, Y. Van De Peer 5, G. K. Podila 11, A. Polle 10, P. J. Pukkila 17, P. M. Richardson 2, P. Rouzé 5, 18, I. R. Sanders 13, J. E. Stajich 19, A. Tunlid 3, G. Tuskan 16, I. V. Grigoriev 2

(2008)

Mycorrhizal symbioses—the union of roots and soil fungi—are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants1,2. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae1. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.

1 :	Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IMA)
	INRA : UR1136 – Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I
2 :	US DOE Joint Genome Institute,
	Joint Genome Institue
3 :	Microbial Ecology
	Lund University
4 :	Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB)
	CNRS : UMR6098 – Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II – Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I
5 :	Department of Plant Systems Biology
	State University of Ghent
6 :	Department of Biology
	West Virginia University
7 :	Ecologie microbienne (EM)
	CNRS : UMR5557 – INRA : UR1193 – Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I – Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon
8 :	Department for Plant Biochemistry
	Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
9 :	Stanford University School of Medicine
	Stanford University
10 :	Institute of Forest Botany
	Georg-August-Universität
11 :	Department of Biological Sciences
	University of Alabama
12 :	Physiologische Oekologie der Pflanzen
	Eberhard-Karls-Universisität
13 :	Department of Ecology & Evolution
	University of Lausanne
14 :	Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL
	SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL
15 :	Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI)
	INRA : UR1164
16 :	Environmental Science Division
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
17 :	Department of Biology
	University of North Carolina
18 :	Laboratoire Associé de l'INRA
	Ghent University
19 :	Department of Plant and Microbial Biology
	University of California

Équipe de recherche : 2

domaine

:

Sciences de l'environnement/Biodiversité et Ecologie Sciences du Vivant/Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire/Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique Sciences du Vivant/Microbiologie et Parasitologie/Mycologie

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Dernière modification le : Lundi 10 Mars 2008, 14:26:42